101 TH2, T helper 2

T helper 2 (Th2) immune cells play a complex role in cancer, exhibiting both protective and detrimental effects depending on the context. Recent studies highlight their involvement in cancer immunotherapy, particularly through the secretion of cytokines like interleukin-24 (IL-24), which can induce tumor cell death and enhance antitumor immunity. The following sections elaborate on the dual roles of Th2 cells in cancer.

Th2 Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy

• Mechanism of Action: Th2 cells can mediate tumor suppression by inducing IL-24, which promotes autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells[1].
• Therapeutic Strategies: Topical treatments like calcipotriol have been shown to activate Th2 responses, leading to reduced tumor growth in models of breast cancer[2].

Th2 Cells and Tumor Recurrence

• Negative Impact: In certain cancers, such as HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, high Th2 infiltration is associated with increased locoregional recurrence post-radiation therapy[4].
• Resistance Mechanisms: Th2 cells may contribute to immune suppression, thereby facilitating tumor recurrence and resistance to treatments[4].

Adoptive Cell Therapy with Th2 Cells

• Potential for Efficacy: Recent findings suggest that tumor-specific Th2 cells can effectively eradicate tumors by inducing a localized inflammatory response, highlighting their potential in adoptive cell therapy[5].

While Th2 cells can enhance antitumor immunity through specific cytokine production, their association with tumor recurrence and immune suppression in certain contexts raises questions about their overall role in cancer therapy. Further research is needed to fully understand these dynamics and optimize therapeutic strategies.